Genomics Masterclass -the power of genomics for better plant pest and disease management.
- alison watson
- May 5
- 3 min read
A recent #ASEANFAWActionPlan Genomics Masterclass webinar helped shine the spotlight on the use of genomics in managing invasive pests and supporting stronger biosecurity. It included a presentation by Dr Wee Tek Tay (CSIRO) on how the introduction of the invasive Fall Armyworm (FAW) into Southeast Asia was the result of multiple introductions, facilitated by trade, and not as first thought – a west-to-east migration of the species after its introduction and spread in Africa. But it wasn’t just the spread of FAW under the microscope.
Dr Tay, from the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) opened the session by introducing the use of whole genome sequencing to correctly identify invasive species, trace their introduction and spread across countries, and provide greater insight into their genetic diversity. It is also a useful tool to monitor emerging resistance of insects to control measures like pesticides. Many studies have traditionally used the COI gene, for species identification, but Dr Tay demonstrated how whole-genome sequencing is now showing the limitations of just using a single small DNA region to draw conclusions about invasion biology of pests.
Plenty of examples to illustrate the benefits of whole genome sequencing were provided, including on fall armyworm, tomato leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta), coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) and the European grapevine moth (EGVM) (Lobesia botrana). While whole genome approaches are more resource-intensive, they are now becoming increasingly affordable, explained Dr Tay, “Although there is a real need to build more capability amongst the research community on its use”.
“Genomics gives us a critical edge in predicting pest invasions and designing smarter biosecurity responses. We must embrace new approaches and full genome analysis to provide the insight needed to truly understand and manage these invasive pests more effectively.” Dr Wee Tek Tay, CSIRO
Beatrice Apirajkamol (Macquarie Univerisity & CSIRO) shared how genomics is being used to help identify biocontrol candidates and bioactive compounds, drawing on her recent PhD research identifying potential endemic solutions for fall armyworm control in Australia. Her research was able to identify promising fungal isolates from Beauveria and Metarhirium. She highlighted the use of AntiSMASH software to discover new insecticidal compounds, as well as its use in identifying potential harmful metabolites in biocontrol agents, which could be toxic to non-target organisms like mammals.
The application of genomics in research on the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) was presented by Dr Jianpeng Zhang from Yancheng Teachers University. This serious global agricultural pest affects multiple crops and quickly develops resistance to chemical pesticides and Bt toxins. The rapid evolution of resistant genes is thus a key challenge in controlling this pest. Dr Zhang’s research has employed genomics tools, including whole genome sequencing, to construct a more complete genome for this pest across multiple locations and countries, providing insight into the genetic factors that contribute to the overall adaptability of this species to climate and local conditions. This insight informs the design of more effective pest control strategies that are tailored to the specific genetic makeup of pest populations.
Despite significant advancements over the past few years, several challenges persist in the field of population genomics according to Dr Heng Lin Yeap (CSIRO). One of the most significant challenges is the complexity and quality of data, although it is likely that AI technology will help address this soon. Additionally, other challenges include storage and computational needs, expertise of researchers in this fast-growing field as well as methodological challenges. Resolving complex variants remains a difficulty, particularly
in pest management contexts where hybridization complicates genetic analysis. Plant pest and disease management is also a transboundary issue, and collaboration that draws on genomics to inform and help shape efforts, is essential.
The potential opportunities ahead of us are substantial, however. New forms of collaboration, the use of CRISPR gene drive technology, ecological monitoring, spatial control strategies and resistance management were just a selection of exciting areas described in the presentation. At the same time, developing the supporting frameworks for regulatory and ethical management of these new technologies will be crucial.
"We need smarter, and not just more, genomic data and technologies to control pests safely." Dr Heng Lin Yeap (CSIRO)
Watch all the videos of the speakers below or from our Masterclass page HERE
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